Improvement in manufacture of sewer-fjfe



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JOHN LYTH, OF BUFFALO, NEW YORK.

Letters .Patent No. 96,021, dated October 19, 1869.

IMPRQVEMENT IN MANUFACTURE or SEWER-Pres.

The Schedule referred to in these Letters Patent and making part of thesame.

To all whom it may conce/rn:

Be it known that I, JOHN LYTH, of the city of Buffalo, in the county ofErie, and State' of New York, have invented a certain new and usefulImprovement in the Manufacture of Sewer-Pipes; and I do herebydecla-rethat the following is a full, clear, and exact descriptionthereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, making partofthis speciiication.

My invention relates to the forming of the socket at the'eud of thepipe, which operation has heretofore involved a considerable amount ofskilled labor, inA order to produce a durable article; and it is theobject of my invention to dispense with manual labor in forming thesocket of a clay sewer-pipe, and furnish a cheaper and more efficientmode of manufacturing the same.

In order to have the merits of my invention clearly understood, I mustexplain the presentstate of the art.

A manner of forming, sockets on terracotta pipes, very frequently used,is the following:

The pipe, nished, with the exception of the socket, vis rotated ou acommon potter-s wheel, and a suiiicent quantity of clay to form thesocket is put. on top of it. Au inside former, of the required shape, isthen put int-o the end of the pipe, and the' interior of the socketformedVwhen an outside former is held against the end of the pipe, andthereby the exterior ot' the socket is formed.

It is evident that this manner of forming the socket requires twodistinct manipulations, and that the operation ofl the formers must becontrolled hy a skilled workman.

. Another way of forming the socket isthe followmg:

The pipe is put into a mould having the shape of a pipe, with a socketon one end, and the end ot' the pipe at which the 'socket is to beformed is bent outward, so that it will acquire the shape of the mould.An inside former is then put into the end of the pipe, and the interiorof the socket formed.

This stretching ofthe end of the pipe to the increased size of thesocketweakens the cohesion among its particles,and reduces the thickness atthe bend to such an extent as to render 'the socket extremely liable tobreak o" while drying, or iu handling and transporting the pipe.

Another old and well-known practice is to attach Y rings to the ends ofsewer-pipes', by means of a paste ot' wet clay, inforder to form asocket thereon. This operation is executed in precisely the same way ashandles are attached to clay vessels, but is not well adapted to thcpurpose, by reason of lack of durability in the `joint of socket andpipe.

I will now proceed to describe my improved mode of lforming sockets onsewer-pipes.

The nature of my invention consists in forming the socket, and `weldingthe same to the pipe-body, at one operation, by pressure in a mould ofthe required contour, the pressure-l`ollower or'former having a,

shank fitting the bore of the pipe, to secure the pipe againstcollapsing under said pressure, and an enlarged end and shoulder, toform the socket.

In the accompanying drawings- Figure I is a vertical section ofpipe-mould.

Figure II is an outside view of same.

Figure III is a top plan view of collar forming the mould of socket.

Figure 1V is a horizontal sectionot mould on line Like letters refer tolike parts iu each of the figures.

A is the mould of the pipeproper, 4having the exact dimensions of asection of pipe.

It is provided, near'the top and bottom, with flanges a a', which serveto stiiienv the same, as clearly shown in Figs. I and 1V. v

This mould is cut into halves, and said halves being hinged at b, theycan be swungfapart, so' as to allow of an easy insertion of the pipe.'

A fastening-device, c, will keep the two halves firmly closed when thepipe is under operation.

B is a cylindrical collar, which rests on flange a, and forms the mouldof theY socket. It is cut into halves, hinged and operated in the samemanner as the mould of the pipe proper, andv is only made detached fromthe latter for greater convenience.

O is the follower or inside for-mer. It consists of a cylindrical part,coated vwith sheet-metal, which fits into the bore of the pipe, and anextension or enlarged portion, d, near the top, which shapes theinterior. A second enlargement, d', faces the end ofthe socket. Thisportion d is made a little smaller in diameter than the collar B, toallow the air to escape when the follower is moving downward. Stops eare provided, to regulate the distance to which the follower can heforced into the pipe.

E is the pipe,filling the space between the follower and the mould.

The operation is follows:

The pipe, which is formed in any common machine,

lis taken in a semi-plastic state, so that it may be handled withsafety, and at the same time be suiiciently soft to allow fresh clay tounite with it, audis inserted into the mould A, and the two halvesfirmly closed, and the collar B is put on.

The collar B is then lined with a quantity of fresh clay, sutlicient toform the socket, this fresh clay meeting the end of the pipe whichreaches to the upper edge of the mould A., or nearly so.

Then the follower C is inserted into the pipe, and the pressure of asuitable press is applied to the top of the follower, whereby the same'is forced down, and

the fresh clay caused to rrnly unite with the pipe under pressure, beingformed at the same time into the required shape of the socket by theenlarged portions d and d of the follower.

The stops e prevent the follower from going down too far, and also forruhandles by which the follower is withdrawn from the completed pipe. Thecylindrical part of the follower keeps the pi'pe in shape, and preventsit from bending or collapsing under the pressure.

The addition of 'clay to the end of the pipe enables the socketto bemade of equal thickness with the pipe, and the bend or point most liableto be broken to be made of greater thickness, while the upper iin-nge dof the follower, in connection therewith, operates to upset and form theend of the socket, as well as to increase the cohesion of the olaly, bypressing it more compactly together.

vIt is manifest, from this description, that the operationv of formingthe socket is effected by a single movement of the follower; that theuse of skilled manual labor is entirely dispensed with; and that a mostperfect and durable union of socket and pipe is produced, by virtue ofthe pressure which is employed in .forming the same, the result of whichis n cheaper andrnore durable article than has been produced heretofore,/all the objections to the modes of forming sockets on sewer-pipes nowgenerally in use beingr eectually remedied.

WVbat IA claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent,is-

Forming and welding a socket to an already-formed clay pipe, by applyinga quant-ity of clay, and then subjecting it, within a mould, A B, to thepressure of the follower C, provided with flanges d and d',substantially in the manner and for the purposes hereinbefore set forth.

JOHN LYTH.

Witnesses z W. H. FoRBUsH, JN0. J. BONNER.

